Resumen: En este artículo se analizan los expedientes de censura que se tramitaron durante la dictadura franquista del cuento La Cenicienta. De este modo, se ofrece al lector la visión de conjunto del proceso de edición y censura entre 1939 y 1975, con la intención de mostrar los aspectos en los que los censores anotaron mayores incidencias: la religión y el modelo de mujer. Esta perspectiva temporal del análisis monográfico de un mismo relato es muy útil, ya que permite entender los cambios que la censura adopta como propios a lo largo de su existencia, así como la transformación de la legislación censora desde un inicio más general a la promulgación de normas concretas acerca de la literatura infantil y juvenil.

Abstract: This article analyses the censorship files that were processed during Franco’s dictatorship of the fairy tale Cinderella. In this way, the reader is offered an overview of the editing and censorship process of this work from 1939 to 1975, with the intention of showing the aspects in which the censors noted the greatest incidences: religion and the female model. This temporal perspective of the monographic analysis of the same story seems to be very useful, as it allows to understand the changes in the censorship process throughout its existence, as well as the transformation of censorship legislation from an initial stage to the enactment of specific regulations on children’s and young people’s literature.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a prevalência e avaliar os fatores associados aos comportamentos extremos para perda de peso em adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudo transversal com 2.439 adolescentes da Amostra 2 (2015) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. Os comportamentos extremos para perda de peso (desfecho) e as variáveis independentes foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico autoaplicável. A análise estatística foi realizada seguindo um modelo conceitual hierárquico. A prevalência de comportamentos extremos para perda de peso na amostra foi de 12,1%. Entre os fatores que mostraram associação significativa com o desfecho, destacam-se a situação administrativa da escola privada (RP = 0,62; IC = 0,46-0,84), ser vítima bullying relacionado à aparência corporal e pelos demais motivos (RP = 1,62; IC = 1,19-2,20), ser forçado a ter relação sexual (RP = 2,65; IC = 1,90-3,69), ter insônia (RP = 1,84; IC = 1,43-2,37) e se autoperceber como gordo ou muito gordo (RP = 1,90; IC = 1,50-2,42). Prevalência moderada de comportamentos extremos para perda de peso foi identificada entre os adolescentes. Os fatores socioeconômicos, de exposição à violência, de saúde mental e da imagem corporal se associaram à adoção de tais comportamentos.

Abstract The objective of this article is to identify the prevalence and evaluate the factors associated with extreme weight loss behaviors among adolescents of Northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 2,439 adolescents from Sample 2 (2015) of the National School-based Health Survey. Extreme weight loss behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative use and use of medicines or formulas (outcome) and independent variables were evaluated using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed following a hierarchical conceptual model. The prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors in the sample was 12.1%. Among the factors that showed significant association with the outcome, we emphasize the administration model of the private school (PR = 0.62; CI = 0.46-0.84), bullying related to body appearance and for other reasons (PR = 1.62; CI = 1.19-2.20), forced sexual intercourse (PR = 2.65; CI = 1.90-3.69), insomnia (PR = 1.84; CI = 1.43-2.37), and be perceived as fat or very fat (PR = 1.90; CI = 1.50-2.42). Moderate prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors was identified among adolescents. Socioeconomic factors, exposure to violence, mental health, and body image were associated with the adoption of these behaviors.

Abstract The objective of this article is to identify the prevalence and evaluate the factors associated with extreme weight loss behaviors among adolescents of Northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 2,439 adolescents from Sample 2 (2015) of the National School-based Health Survey. Extreme weight loss behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative use and use of medicines or formulas (outcome) and independent variables were evaluated using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed following a hierarchical conceptual model. The prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors in the sample was 12.1%. Among the factors that showed significant association with the outcome, we emphasize the administration model of the private school (PR = 0.62; CI = 0.46-0.84), bullying related to body appearance and for other reasons (PR = 1.62; CI = 1.19-2.20), forced sexual intercourse (PR = 2.65; CI = 1.90-3.69), insomnia (PR = 1.84; CI = 1.43-2.37), and be perceived as fat or very fat (PR = 1.90; CI = 1.50-2.42). Moderate prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors was identified among adolescents. Socioeconomic factors, exposure to violence, mental health, and body image were associated with the adoption of these behaviors.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a prevalência e avaliar os fatores associados aos comportamentos extremos para perda de peso em adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudo transversal com 2.439 adolescentes da Amostra 2 (2015) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. Os comportamentos extremos para perda de peso (desfecho) e as variáveis independentes foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico autoaplicável. A análise estatística foi realizada seguindo um modelo conceitual hierárquico. A prevalência de comportamentos extremos para perda de peso na amostra foi de 12,1%. Entre os fatores que mostraram associação significativa com o desfecho, destacam-se a situação administrativa da escola privada (RP = 0,62; IC = 0,46-0,84), ser vítima bullying relacionado à aparência corporal e pelos demais motivos (RP = 1,62; IC = 1,19-2,20), ser forçado a ter relação sexual (RP = 2,65; IC = 1,90-3,69), ter insônia (RP = 1,84; IC = 1,43-2,37) e se autoperceber como gordo ou muito gordo (RP = 1,90; IC = 1,50-2,42). Prevalência moderada de comportamentos extremos para perda de peso foi identificada entre os adolescentes. Os fatores socioeconômicos, de exposição à violência, de saúde mental e da imagem corporal se associaram à adoção de tais comportamentos.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (GI) on the physicochemical, technological, antioxidant and microbiological characteristics of different whole sorghum flours (WSF), as well as to characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The doses applied interfered in the staining characteristics of the evaluated flours, providing the darkening of the same. For the other physicochemical, technological, and antioxidant parameters, no significant influence of the process was observed. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had not been influenced by irradiation, being flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, benzoic acid derivatives, carboxylic acids, and sugars tentatively identified. In microbiological terms, there was a reduction of molds, yeasts, and Bacillus cereus in irradiated WSF compared to control (non-irradiated). Therefore, the application of low doses of gamma irradiation represents an advantageous alternative for the conservation of WSF and maintenance of bioactive compounds identified by the PS-MS technique.

Abstract Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 may have several clinical presentations infection in children, with some requiring hospitalization. The published evidence is still scarce regarding the best approach and treatment for these cases. Objective: To describe pediatric hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection in a tertiary centre. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study of SARS-CoV-2 admissions with respiratory involvement in the pediatric ward of a tertiary hospital between March 2020 and April 2022. Inclusion criteria comprised pediatric patients (0-17 years) hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a length of stay >24 hours and respiratory infection code from the International Classification of Diseases. Data were collected through patients’ electronic clinical records. Results: A total of 32 patients were included, 53% of whom females, with a higher proportion of hospitalizations in the Autumn-Winter season (n=21, 66%) and a mean length of hospital stay of 7 days. The median age was 18 months (interquartile range 4-135 months), and the mean days of disease was 4. The main symptoms reported were fever (n=31, 97%) and cough (n=25, 78%). Comorbidities were present in 14 patients (44%), who presented the highest length of stay (mean of 10 days). Most patients (n=29, 91%) had performed blood workup and biochemical analysis, and 25% had a viral coinfection. Chest x-ray was performed in almost all patients (n=29, 91%), and CT-scan in 9%. Low-flow oxygen therapy was used in 50% of patients, and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in 13%. One patient required intensive care. Long COVID symptoms were reported in 25% of the study sample. Conclusions: In two years of pandemic, only 32 patients required hospitalization. Most required oxygen therapy, with good clinical course. HFNC appears to be safe and should be considered in the treatment of these patients. Patients with comorbidities seem to have prolonged and more severe disease.

Resumo Introdução: A infeção por SARS-CoV-2 apresenta diversas manifestações clínicas em idade pediátrica. Alguns doentes necessitam de internamento e a evidência científica é escassa quanto à sua melhor abordagem. Objetivo: Caracterizar os internamentos por infeção respiratória por SARS-CoV-2 em idade pediátrica num centro terciário. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional retrospetivo de internamentos por infeção respiratória por SARS-CoV-2 num hospital terciário entre março de 2020 e abril de 2022. Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam doentes com COVID-19 em idade pediátrica (0-17 anos) internados, com um tempo de internamento >24 horas e código de infeção respiratória da International Classification of Diseases. Os dados foram recolhidos por consulta dos processos clínicos eletrónicos dos doentes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 32 doentes (53% dos quais do sexo feminino), maioritariamente no outono-inverno (n=21, 66%) e com um tempo de internamento médio de 7 dias. A mediana de idades foi de 18 meses (variação interquartil 4-135 meses) e os doentes apresentaram-se com uma média de 4 dias de doença. Os principais sintomas foram febre (n=31, 97%) e tosse (n=25, 78%). Doentes com comorbilidades (44%) apresentaram o maior tempo de internamento (média de 10 dias). A maioria (n=29, 91%) tinha efetuado hemograma e avaliação bioquímica e 25% apresentou coinfeção vírica. Foi realizada radiografia torácica na maioria dos casos (n=29, 91%) e tomografia computadorizada em 9%. Foi utilizada oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo em 50% dos doentes e cânula nasal de alto fluxo (CNAF) em 13%. Um doente necessitou de cuidados intensivos. Foram reportados sintomas de COVID longa em 25% dos doentes. Conclusão: Em dois anos de pandemia, apenas 32 doentes necessitaram de internamento. A maioria recebeu oxigenoterapia, com boa evolução clínica. A CNAF demonstrou ser segura e deve ser considerada na abordagem a estes doentes. Doentes com comorbilidades parecem ter doença mais grave e prolongada.

The pequi pericarp corresponds to the largest portion of the fruit and has a high nutritional value, but it is discarded as an agro-industrial residue. The present study aimed to prepare and characterize flours from the pequi pericarp in terms of their proximate composition, its antioxidant potential before and after the in vitro digestibility process and chemical profile, aiming at the full use of this fruit. The samples of pequi pericarp flours from the cities of Sete Lagoas, Paraopeba and Felixlândia were analyzed. The profile of chemical compounds present in the flours was determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. The in vitro simulated digestion technique was used to verify the stability of the phenolic compounds and the maintenance of the antioxidant capacity of the samples. The flours from the pequi pericarp showed to have higher levels of protein, ash and dietary fiber, compared to the data described in the literature for the pulp of the fruit. The analysis of paper spray mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 46 chemical compounds including amino acids, sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds. The analysis of the main components showed that there was no chemical variation among the fruits from the cities studied. Through the in vitro digestibility technique, it was possible to observe an increase in the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, contributing to increase the already significant antioxidant capacity of the samples. It was concluded that the pequi pericarp flour has the potential to be used as a food ingredient due to the high bioaccessibility of its bioactive compounds, capable of reducing the risk of developing diseases caused by oxidative stress.

The bone formation process is an example of how both time and nature acted harmonically to pave the path for life as we know. The unique association between calcium phosphate (CaP) and collagen in a single building block, gave rise to one of the most remarkable biomaterials that we know. Our aim in this revision is to provide a brief glance at the different organization levels of the bone tissue, by describing the main their main features. We start with a brief discussion regarding the thermodynamic conditions for mineral formation and how living organisms surpass them. Then we present collagen, the major organic component of bone, in the light of its hierarchical organization as well as its association to CaP crystals. The mechanisms that control both mineral formation and the association with the organic phase are further presented, in which cells and other components of the extracellular matrix, such as matrix vesicles and noncollagenous proteins, become agents of bone construction. Finally, we underline the difficulty of studying the complex process of bone mineralization and present liposomes, proteoliposomes, and Langmuir monolayers as biomimetic approaches to this end.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e a penetrabilidade nos túbulos dentinários da solução de hipoclorito de cálcio [Ca(OCl)2], com ou sem surfactantes. Os surfactantes cloreto de benzalcônio, cetrimida, Tween 80 e Triton X-100 foram misturados em diferentes concentrações com a solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl), Ca(OCl)2 e água destilada (controle). Uma vez determinada a concentração micelar crítica (CMC) dos surfactantes em Ca(OCl)2 e NaOCl, foram avaliados o pH, cloro livre, tensão superficial e íons de cálcio livre. A penetrabilidade nos túbulos dentinários de NaOCl e Ca(OCl)2, com ou sem cloreto de benzalcônio e Triton X-100 [surfactantes que promoveram a menor tensão superficial de [Ca(OCl)2] foi avaliada utilizando pré-molares humanos corados com cristal violeta. Os testes estatísticos foram ANOVA de uma via e pós-teste de Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis e pós-teste de Dunn, ANOVA de duas vias e pós-teste de Bonferroni, e teste t; dependendo do ensaio. A adição de surfactantes reduziu a tensão superficial do NaOCl e Ca(OCl)2, e não alterou o pH ou cloro livre das soluções. A adição de todos os surfactantes aumentou a disponibilidade de íons de cálcio livre de Ca(OCl)2, principalmente o cloreto de benzalcônio. Ca(OCl)2 apresentou menor penetrabilidade nos túbulos dentinários do que NaOCl, e a adição de surfactantes não aumentou a penetrabilidade de Ca(OCl)2, mas aumentou a penetrabilidade de NaOCl. Pode-se concluir que a adição de surfactantes no Ca(OCl)2 não aumentou a penetrabilidade nos túbulos dentinários, mas promoveu menor tensão superficial, sem alterar os valores de pH ou cloro livre, e maior disponibilidade de íons de cálcio livre em Ca(OCl)2.

Abstract The aim was to assess the physicochemical properties and the penetration into dentinal tubules of calcium hypochlorite solution [Ca(OCl)2], with or without surfactants. The surfactants benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, Tween 80 and Triton X-100 were mixed at different concentrations with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), Ca(OCl)2 and distilled water (control). Once the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the surfactants in Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl was determined, pH, free chlorine, surface tension and free calcium ions were evaluated. The penetration into dentinal tubules of NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2, with or without benzalkonium chloride and Triton X-100 [surfactants that promoted the lowest surface tension of Ca(OCl)2], was assessed using human premolars stained with crystal violet. The statistical tests were one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-test, and t-test; depending on the assay. The addition of surfactants reduced the surface tension of NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2, and did not alter the pH or the free available chlorine of either solution. The addition of all surfactants increased the availability of free calcium ions in Ca(OCl)2, especially benzalkonium chloride. Ca(OCl)2 exhibited lower penetration into dentinal tubules than NaOCl, and the addition of surfactants did not improve the penetration of Ca(OCl)2, but did increase the penetration of NaOCl. It can be concluded that the addition of surfactants to Ca(OCl)2 did not increase the penetration into dentinal tubules, but it did promote lower surface tension, without changing the pH or free available chlorine values, and higher availability of free calcium ions in Ca(OCl)2.

RESUMO Objetivo: A dornase alfa (rhDNase) reduz a viscosidade da expectoração pulmonar purulenta. O seu benefício em doentes com fibrose cística (FC) é comprovado, no entanto, as evidências da sua aplicabilidade em outras patologias são limitadas. Este estudo pretende apresentar a nossa experiência com a utilização de rhDNase em doentes não-FC internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). No nosso centro, utilizamos rhDNase em 24 casos, durante broncoscopia flexível. Desses, 20 (83%) apresentaram atelectasia e sete (29%) foram admitidos na UCIP. Quatro doentes (57%) estavam em ventilação mecânica (VM). Descrição do caso: Apresentamos dois casos de administração diária de rhDNase na UTIP: o paciente A tem 8 anos, sexo masculino, internado por choque séptico e síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda (SARA). Necessitou de VM com parâmetros agressivos e teve várias complicações clínicas. No D50 iniciou rhDNase com melhoria da FiO2, PaCO2 e relação PaO2/FiO2, assim como dos achados radiológicos. Foi extubado no D23 de tratamento. A paciente B é uma criança de 17 meses, sexo feminino, internada por estado de mal epilético, com necessidade de ventilação agressiva e com várias complicações respiratórias (infeciosas e de barotrauma). Iniciou rhDNase no D60. Ao longo do tratamento verificamos melhoria da FiO2 e da relação PaO2/FiO2, assim como uma tendência para a diminuição da PaCO2 e melhoria radiológica. Não foram descritas complicações para ambos os pacientes. Comentários: A rhDNase pode ser uma ferramenta útil e segura para pacientes em VM prolongada e com lesão pulmonar induzida pelo ventilador. São necessários estudos adicionais para avaliar e propor indicações válidas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Dornase alfa (rhDNase) reduces the viscosity of purulent sputum in the lungs. The use in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is proven. However, the evidence of its applicability to other conditions is limited. This study aims to present the authors’ experience with the use of rhDNase in non-CF patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). At the study center, rhDNase was used during flexible bronchoscopies in 24 cases, of which 20 (83%) had atelectasis and seven (29%) were admitted to PICU. Four patients (57%) were on invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Case description: Two cases of daily rhDNase administration at PICU are presented: patient A was an 8-year-old boy admitted with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient required mechanical ventilation with aggressive settings and experienced several clinical complications. On D50, he started rhDNase treatment with an improvement in FiO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio according to radiologic findings. He was extubated on D23 of treatment. Patient B was a 17-month-old girl admitted with a convulsive status epilepticus who experienced respiratory complications (infectious and barotrauma) with ARDS, requiring aggressive ventilation. She initiated rhDNase treatment on D60. During the treatment an improvement in FiO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and a tendency of PaCO2 decrease were found. She had radiological improvement. No complications were described. Comments: RhDNase may be a helpful and safe tool to use in PICU prolonged intubated patients with ventilator-induced lung injury. Further studies are needed to assess and propose valid indications.

Resumen Desde una perspectiva de naturaleza teórico-metodológica, se analizan algunas posiciones de la psicología histórico-cultural para identificar sus diferencias con la postura constructivista, se profundiza en el origen del desarrollo psicológico, se revisa el uso de los términos cultural y social y se discute sobre el método que predomina en el enfoque histórico-cultural y las implicaciones teórico-metodológicas para la organización del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de diferenciar conceptual, metodológica y epistemológicamente a la aproximación psicológica de Vigotsky y al constructivismo posmoderno.

Abstract From a theoretical and methodological perspective, we provide analyses of cultural-historical psychology to identify its differences with constructivism. As well as the origin of psychological development and the usage of “cultural” and “social” terms. The article discusses about the method used in cultural historical psychological approach and its implications for the organization of the teaching-learning process. The authors conclude on the need to differentiate between Vigotsky’s approach and postmodern constructivism according to conceptual, methodological, and epistemological basis.

Abstract: Picturebooks were considered the most original and relevant contribution made by children’s literature to canonical literature. This typology promotes creativity and experimentation, combining playfulness with artistic sophistication. For their part, wordless picturebooks, whose narrativity is found exclusively in the sequence of illustrations, bring forth questions as to whether they can be considered literature. Wordless picturebooks challenge traditional theoretical approaches and demand a complementary approach that encompasses all of the book’s elements. The scarce verbal component reinforces the meaning of the content and requires a more detailed reading of the illustrations. Using relevant examples, this paper aims to debate the inclusion of wordless picturebooks in the literary domain, through a reading that encompasses aesthetic criteria, with emphasis on narrativity.

Resumen: El libro-álbum, espacio de creatividad y experimentación, donde se entrecruzan lo lúdico y la sofisticación artística, fue considerado la contribución más original y relevante de la literatura infantil a favor de la literatura canónica. El libro-álbum sin texto, por su parte, sujeto a la narratividad que resulta exclusivamente de la secuencia de imágenes, plantea dudas sobre su integración en el dominio literario, desafiando los enfoques teóricos tradicionales y exigiendo un abordaje complementario de todos los elementos que componen el libro. La contención verbal intensifica los significados y obliga a una lectura profunda de las ilustraciones. A partir de ejemplos relevantes, cuestionaremos la integración de los libros-álbum sin texto al dominio literario, proponiendo una lectura con base en criterios estéticos, con énfasis en la narratividad.

Resumo A compreensão dos desequilíbrios entre a demanda e a oferta da mão de obra em saúde (MOS) é essencial para a melhoria dos resultados em saúde. A demanda por MOS, em particular, é bastante desafiante dada a falta de dados e aspetos metodológicos que ainda estão por abordar. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura procurando responder às seguintes questões: Como tem sido abordada a demanda por MOS? Quais são as barreiras e limitações neste processo? A metodologia adotada baseou-se no PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS e Web of Science, usando palavras-chave relevantes. No total 2 599 artigos foram recolhidos e analisados de acordo com os respetivos títulos e resumos. O texto integral de 400 artigos foi alvo de análise, tendo sido selecionados 53 artigos com base em critérios pré-definidos. Apesar da relevância do tema, não existe, ainda, um método para modelar a procura por MOS validado pela literatura científica. Esta revisão, além de destacar oportunidades e apontar direções de investigação futura, apresenta as principais características da modelação da procura de MOS, como a sua aplicabilidade na ótica do utilizador (decisor político).

Abstract Understanding imbalances between the supply and demand of the human resour- ces for health (HRH) is essential for enhancing health outcomes. Addressing the HRH demand is particularly challenging, especially given the deficit of accurate data and surplus of unresolved methodological flaws. This study presents a systematic review of the literature surrounding HRH demand and answers the following key questions: How has HRH demand been addressed? What are the harms and barriers that accompany HRH demand modeling? This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement. Relevant keywords were used in a thorough search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2,599 papers were retrieved and evaluated according to their title and abstract. Of these, the full-text of 400 papers was analyzed, 53 of which successfully met the inclusion criteria in our study. While the topic’s relevance is widespread, it still lacks a validated approach to model HRH demand adequately. The main characteristics of the applied methods are presented, such as their application complexity by health policymakers. Opportunities and orientations for further research are also highlighted.

Resumo A compreensão dos desequilíbrios entre a demanda e a oferta da mão de obra em saúde (MOS) é essencial para a melhoria dos resultados em saúde. A demanda por MOS, em particular, é bastante desafiante dada a falta de dados e aspetos metodológicos que ainda estão por abordar. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura procurando responder às seguintes questões: Como tem sido abordada a demanda por MOS? Quais são as barreiras e limitações neste processo? A metodologia adotada baseou-se no PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS e Web of Science, usando palavras-chave relevantes. No total 2 599 artigos foram recolhidos e analisados de acordo com os respetivos títulos e resumos. O texto integral de 400 artigos foi alvo de análise, tendo sido selecionados 53 artigos com base em critérios pré-definidos. Apesar da relevância do tema, não existe, ainda, um método para modelar a procura por MOS validado pela literatura científica. Esta revisão, além de destacar oportunidades e apontar direções de investigação futura, apresenta as principais características da modelação da procura de MOS, como a sua aplicabilidade na ótica do utilizador (decisor político).

Abstract Understanding imbalances between the supply and demand of the human resour- ces for health (HRH) is essential for enhancing health outcomes. Addressing the HRH demand is particularly challenging, especially given the deficit of accurate data and surplus of unresolved methodological flaws. This study presents a systematic review of the literature surrounding HRH demand and answers the following key questions: How has HRH demand been addressed? What are the harms and barriers that accompany HRH demand modeling? This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement. Relevant keywords were used in a thorough search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2,599 papers were retrieved and evaluated according to their title and abstract. Of these, the full-text of 400 papers was analyzed, 53 of which successfully met the inclusion criteria in our study. While the topic’s relevance is widespread, it still lacks a validated approach to model HRH demand adequately. The main characteristics of the applied methods are presented, such as their application complexity by health policymakers. Opportunities and orientations for further research are also highlighted.